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The Three Levels of Prevention in Medicine

Naval Parikh, MD

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An internal medicine physician, Naval Parikh, MD, oversees medical research as a clinical site coordinator at NAPA Research. Naval Parikh, MD, also cares for patients through his office with SortinoMD. The Florida-based practice focuses on preventive medicine to keep patients healthy.

Rather than curing or treating diseases and conditions, preventive medicine attempts to stop the development of diseases before they occur. To accomplish this, medical professionals focus on three levels of prevention:
Primary
Primary prevention aims to avoid the development of a disability or disease in healthy individuals. It includes population-based initiatives, such as encouraging less sugar consumption among adults, along with efforts that prevent exposure to hazards likely to cause injury or illness. Immunization against infectious diseases is also part of primary prevention efforts.
Secondary
When an injury or disease has already occurred, professionals focus on treating and detecting the disease early to slow its progress and prevent recurrence or re-injury. These efforts are categorized as secondary prevention initiatives, and they include such things as promoting regular screening tests and exams and implementing daily exercise programs.
Tertiary
Once a significant illness has presented in an individual, tertiary preventive care works on helping the patient recover. It involves re-educating, rehabilitating, and retraining people who already have a disability or impairment so they can improve their quality of life and avoid further health complications in the long term.